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Lentinan fruit body of shiitake (Lentinula edodes mycelium (LEM)) and other edible mushrooms. Fructan. Inulins diverse plants, e.g. topinambour, chicory. Lignin stones of fruits, vegetables (filaments of the garden bean), cereals. Pectins fruit skin (mainly apple and, quince), vegetables.
Numerous organic compounds have other common names, often originating in historical source material thereof. The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.
Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula H O C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 CO 2 H) 2. [10] It is a colorless weak organic acid. [10] It occurs naturally in citrus fruits.In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.
The lemon tree produces a pointed oval yellow fruit. Botanically this is a hesperidium, a modified berry with a tough, leathery rind. The rind is divided into an outer colored layer or zest, which is aromatic with essential oils, and an inner layer of white spongy pith. Inside are multiple carpels arranged as radial segments. The seeds develop ...
[7] [8] In German it is named Äpfelsäure (or Apfelsäure) after plural or singular of a sour thing from the apple fruit, but the salt(s) are called Malat(e). Malic acid is the main acid in many fruits, including apricots , blackberries , blueberries , cherries , grapes , mirabelles , peaches , pears , plums , and quince , [ 9 ] and is present ...
Pyruvic acid (CH 3 COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CH 3 COCOO −, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell.
The gibberellins are named GA 1 through GA n in order of discovery. [5] Gibberellic acid, which was the first gibberellin to be structurally characterized, is GA 3. [6] As of 2020, [5] there are 136 GAs identified from plants, fungi, and bacteria. [1] [6] [5] Gibberellins are tetracyclic diterpene acids. There are two classes, with either 19 or ...
An entire family of so-called resin acids form similarly. Together with abietic acid, these resin acids are a major portion of rosin, the solid portion of the oleoresin of coniferous trees. Abietenes are synthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate via a copalyl diphosphate intermediate by class 2 diterpene cyclases and class 1 diterpene ...