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Its properties have been studied in detail. [52] Silicon boils at 3265 °C: this, while high, is still lower than the temperature at which its lighter congener carbon sublimes (3642 °C) and silicon similarly has a lower heat of vaporisation than carbon, consistent with the fact that the Si–Si bond is weaker than the C–C bond. [51]
Silicon compounds are compounds containing the element silicon (Si). As a carbon group element, silicon often forms compounds in the +4 oxidation state, though many unusual compounds have been discovered that differ from expectations based on its valence electrons, including the silicides and some silanes. Metal silicides, silicon halides, and ...
Almost no multiple bonds to silicon are stable, although silicon does exhibit varied coordination number. [21] Silanes, silicon analogues to the alkanes, react rapidly with water, and long-chain silanes spontaneously decompose. [22] Consequently, most terrestrial silicon is "locked up" in silica, and not a wide variety of biogenic precursors. [21]
Carbon–silicon bonds are absent in biology, however enzymes have been used to artificially create carbon-silicon bonds in living microbes. [8] [9] [10] Silicates, on the other hand, have known existence in diatoms. [11] Silafluofen is an organosilicon compound that functions as a pyrethroid insecticide. Several organosilicon compounds have ...
Silica gel is an amorphous and porous form of silicon dioxide (silica), consisting of an irregular tridimensional framework of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms with nanometer-scale voids and pores. The voids may contain water or some other liquids, or may be filled by gas or vacuum.
Silicon. The thermal conductivity of silicon is better than that of most metals. [citation needed] A sponge-like porous form of silicon (p-Si) is typically prepared by the electrochemical etching of silicon wafers in a hydrofluoric acid solution. [152] Flakes of p-Si sometimes appear red; [153] it has a band gap of 1.97–2.1 eV. [154]
Crystalline silicon or (c-Si) is the crystalline forms of silicon, either polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si, consisting of small crystals), or monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si, a continuous crystal). Crystalline silicon is the dominant semiconducting material used in photovoltaic technology for the production of solar cells .
A material property is an intensive property of a material, i.e., a physical property or chemical property that does not depend on the amount of the material. These quantitative properties may be used as a metric by which the benefits of one material versus another can be compared, thereby aiding in materials selection.