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This is a list of materials ordered by how they develop a charge relative to other materials on the list. Johan Carl Wilcke published the first one in a 1757 paper. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] The series was expanded by Shaw [ 1 ] and Henniker [ 71 ] by including natural and synthetic polymers, and included alterations in the sequence depending on surface ...
The phenomenon of static electricity requires a separation of positive and negative charges. When two materials are in contact, electrons may move from one material to the other, which leaves an excess of positive charge on one material, and an equal negative charge on the other. When the materials are separated, they retain this charge imbalance.
This change in the distribution of charge in a molecule due to an external electric field is called dielectric polarization, [8] and the polarized molecules are called dipoles. This should not be confused with a polar molecule , which has a positive and negative end due to its structure, even in the absence of external charge.
An example of static cling; styrofoam peanuts clinging to a cat's fur, due to the charge of static electricity that builds up on the fur due to the cat's motions. Static cling is the tendency for light objects to stick (cling) to other objects owing to static electricity. It is common in clothing, but occurs with other items, such as the ...
One of the causes of ESD events is static electricity. Static electricity is often generated through tribocharging, the separation of electric charges that occurs when two materials are brought into contact and then separated. Examples of tribocharging include walking on a rug, rubbing a plastic comb against dry hair, rubbing a balloon against ...
The charge due to polarization is known as bound charge, while the charge on an object produced by electrons gained or lost from outside the object is called free charge. The motion of electrons in conductive metals in a specific direction is known as electric current .
As an application example, the steady-state space-charge-limited current across a piece of intrinsic silicon with a charge-carrier mobility of 1500 cm 2 /V-s, a relative dielectric constant of 11.9, an area of 10 −8 cm 2 and a thickness of 10 −4 cm can be calculated by an online calculator to be 126.4 μA at 3 V. Note that in order for this ...
In condensed matter physics and electrochemistry, drift current is the electric current, or movement of charge carriers, which is due to the applied electric field, often stated as the electromotive force over a given distance. When an electric field is applied across a semiconductor material, a current is produced due to the flow of charge ...