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  2. Hash function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function

    A hash function that allows only certain table sizes or strings only up to a certain length, or cannot accept a seed (i.e. allow double hashing) is less useful than one that does. [citation needed] A hash function is applicable in a variety of situations. Particularly within cryptography, notable applications include: [8]

  3. Linear congruential generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_congruential_generator

    The second row is the same generator with a seed of 3, which produces a cycle of length 2. Using a = 4 and c = 1 (bottom row) gives a cycle length of 9 with any seed in [0, 8]. A linear congruential generator ( LCG ) is an algorithm that yields a sequence of pseudo-randomized numbers calculated with a discontinuous piecewise linear equation .

  4. Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowler–Noll–Vo_hash...

    Fowler–Noll–Vo (or FNV) is a non-cryptographic hash function created by Glenn Fowler, Landon Curt Noll, and Kiem-Phong Vo.. The basis of the FNV hash algorithm was taken from an idea sent as reviewer comments to the IEEE POSIX P1003.2 committee by Glenn Fowler and Phong Vo in 1991.

  5. Mask generation function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mask_generation_function

    Mask generation functions, as generalizations of hash functions, are useful wherever hash functions are. However, use of a MGF is desirable in cases where a fixed-size hash would be inadequate. Examples include generating padding, producing one-time pads or keystreams in symmetric-key encryption, and yielding outputs for pseudorandom number ...

  6. Pseudorandom number generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom_number_generator

    It can be shown that if is a pseudo-random number generator for the uniform distribution on (,) and if is the CDF of some given probability distribution , then is a pseudo-random number generator for , where : (,) is the percentile of , i.e. ():= {: ()}. Intuitively, an arbitrary distribution can be simulated from a simulation of the standard ...

  7. MurmurHash - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MurmurHash

    MurmurHash is a non-cryptographic hash function suitable for general hash-based lookup. [1] [2] [3] It was created by Austin Appleby in 2008 [4] and, as of 8 January 2016, [5] is hosted on GitHub along with its test suite named SMHasher. It also exists in a number of variants, [6] all of which have been released into the public domain. The name ...

  8. List of hash functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hash_functions

    hash JH: 224 to 512 bits hash LSH [19] 256 to 512 bits wide-pipe Merkle–Damgård construction: MD2: 128 bits hash MD4: 128 bits hash MD5: 128 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: MD6: up to 512 bits Merkle tree NLFSR (it is also a keyed hash function) RadioGatún: arbitrary ideal mangling function RIPEMD: 128 bits hash RIPEMD-128: 128 bits ...

  9. Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographically_secure...

    In the asymptotic setting, a family of deterministic polynomial time computable functions : {,} {,} for some polynomial p, is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG, or PRG in some references), if it stretches the length of its input (() > for any k), and if its output is computationally indistinguishable from true randomness, i.e. for any probabilistic polynomial time algorithm A, which ...