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A diagram from the book. Traité élémentaire de chimie [1] is a textbook written by Antoine Lavoisier published in 1789 and translated into English by Robert Kerr in 1790 under the title Elements of Chemistry in a New Systematic Order containing All the Modern Discoveries. [2] It is considered to be the first modern chemical textbook. [3]
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
The book is arranged in eleven chapters plus an introduction, and includes a poster in the back of the book. Each chapter is on a different group of the periodic table (hydrogen, the alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals, the transition metals, the boron elements, the carbon elements, the nitrogen elements, the oxygen elements, the halogen ...
A mnemonic is a memory aid used to improve long-term memory and make the process of consolidation easier. Many chemistry aspects, rules, names of compounds, sequences of elements, their reactivity, etc., can be easily and efficiently memorized with the help of mnemonics.
The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, is an ordered arrangement of the chemical elements into rows ("periods") and columns ("groups"). It is an icon of chemistry and is widely used in physics and other sciences.
The main group includes the elements (except hydrogen, which is sometimes not included [citation needed]) in groups 1 and 2 , and groups 13 to 18 . The s-block elements are primarily characterised by one main oxidation state, and the p-block elements, when they have multiple oxidation states, often have common oxidation states separated by two ...
Group 12, by modern IUPAC numbering, [1] is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table. It includes zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and copernicium (Cn). [ 5 ] Formerly this group was named IIB (pronounced as "group two B", as the "II" is a Roman numeral ) by CAS and old IUPAC system.
In the periodic table of the elements, each column is a group. In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) [1] is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the 14 f-block columns, between groups 2 and 3, are not numbered.