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Ecological impacts of explosives are the effects that both unexploded explosives and post-explosion by-products have on the environment. [1] Explosive derived contaminants may have adverse effects on the environmental as well as human health. In addition to their military use in warfare, explosives are also used in construction and demolition.
A\J: Alternatives Journal—published by the Environmental Studies Association of Canada; Annual Review of Environment and Resources—published by Annual Reviews, Inc.; eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)—established by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the University of Innsbruck, and other organizations—covering mountain research in protected area
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
A purple sea urchin being tested for pollution using a whole effluent toxicity method.. Aquatic toxicology is the study of the effects of manufactured chemicals and other anthropogenic and natural materials and activities on aquatic organisms at various levels of organization, from subcellular through individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. [1]
Unlike previous Annual Reviews titles, its subject area was interdisciplinary and lacked a history of literature. The first volume covered the energy system of the United States, [4] and the journal's first editor was Jack M. Hollander. [5] In 1991, the journal's name was changed to the Annual Review of Energy and the Environment.
Water and air pollution are the biggest risks to human health from fracking. [1] Research has determined that fracking negatively affects human health and drives climate change. [2] [3] [4] Fracking fluids include proppants and other substances, which include chemicals known to be toxic, as well as unknown chemicals that may be toxic. [5]
Also, water-soluble sodium salts present in the ash enhance the sodium content in water further. Thus river water is converted into soft water by eliminating Ca and Mg ions and enhancing Na ions by coal-fired boilers. Soft water application in irrigation (surface or ground water) converts the fertile soils into alkaline sodic soils. [21]
Legacy pollution or legacy pollutants are persistent materials in the environment that were created through a polluting industry or process that have polluting effects after the process has finished. Frequently these include persistent organic pollutants , heavy metals or other chemicals residual in the environment long after the industrial or ...