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Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a group of symptoms that may occur with the use of certain serotonergic medications or drugs. [1] The symptoms can range from mild to severe, and are potentially fatal. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 2 ] Symptoms in mild cases include high blood pressure and a fast heart rate ; usually without a fever . [ 2 ]
Libby Zion (November 1965 – March 5, 1984) [6] [7] was a freshman at Bennington College in Bennington, Vermont.She took a prescribed MAOI antidepressant, phenelzine, daily. [8] [9] A hospital autopsy revealed traces of cocaine, but other later tests showed no traces.
The diagnosis is suggested on patients with a history of drug exposure to the most common inducing agents such as strong antidopaminergic medications. [6] [40] The differential diagnosis includes serotonin syndrome, [41] encephalitis, toxic encephalopathy, status epilepticus, heat stroke, catatonia and malignant hyperthermia.
Overdose is usually treated symptomatically, especially in the case of serotonin syndrome, which requires treatment with cyproheptadine and temperature control based on the progression of the serotonin toxicity. [87] Patients are often monitored for vitals and airways cleared to ensure that they are receiving adequate levels of oxygen.
A 2009 Advisory Committee to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration found that online anecdotal reports of discontinuation syndrome related to duloxetine included severe symptoms and exceeded prevalence of both paroxetine and venlafaxine reports by over 250% (although acknowledged this may have been influenced by duloxetine being a much newer ...
For this reason, many users carry an MAOI-card, which lets emergency medical personnel know what drugs to avoid (e.g. adrenaline [epinephrine] dosage should be reduced by 75%, and duration is extended). [25] Tryptophan supplements can be consumed with MAOIs, but can result in transient serotonin syndrome. [30]
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Serotonin syndrome, in which an excess of serotonin in the synapses causes a similar crisis of hypertension and mental confusion, could be confused with an adrenergic storm. Serotonin, being a tryptamine (non-catecholamine) involved in higher brain functions, can cause dangerous hypertension and tachycardia from its effects on the sympathetic ...