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1898 illustration of abacuses of many capitals in various styles. In architecture, an abacus (from the Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax), ' slab '; or French abaque, tailloir; pl.: abacuses or abaci) [1] is a flat slab forming the uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, above the bell.
[20] [21] A play by Alexis from the 4th century BC mentions an abacus and pebbles for accounting, and both Diogenes and Polybius use the abacus as a metaphor for human behavior, stating "that men that sometimes stood for more and sometimes for less" like the pebbles on an abacus. [21] The Greek abacus was a table of wood or marble, pre-set with ...
Ancient Greek fleuron as an anthemion (Greek word for flower), c. 350 –325 BC, marble, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City Ancient Greek Corinthian capital with a fleuron on the abacus , from the tholos at Epidaurus , said to have been designed by Polyclitus the Younger , c. 350 BC, stone, Archaeological Museum of Epidaurus , Greece [ 3 ]
The two earliest Egyptian capitals of importance are those based on the lotus and papyrus plants respectively, and these, with the palm tree capital, were the chief types employed by the Egyptians, until under the Ptolemies in the 3rd to 1st centuries BC, various other river plants were also employed, and the conventional lotus capital went through various modifications.
The Greek word for the family or household, oikos, is also the name for the house. Houses followed several different types. It is probable that many of the earliest houses were simple structures of two rooms, with an open porch or pronaos, above which rose a low pitched gable or pediment. [8]
(Greek: Περίστασις) A four-sided porch or hall of columns surrounding the cella in an ancient Greek peripteros temple (see also Peristyle). In ecclesial architecture, it is also used of the area between the baluster of a Catholic church and the high altar (what is usually called the sanctuary or chancel). Peristyle
The Corinthian order (Greek: Κορινθιακὸς ῥυθμός, Korinthiakós rythmós; Latin: Ordo Corinthius) is the last developed and most ornate of the three principal classical orders of Ancient Greek architecture and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric order, which was the earliest, followed by the Ionic order. In Ancient ...
Oikos (Ancient Greek: οἶκος Ancient Greek pronunciation:; pl.: οἶκοι) was, in Ancient Greece, two related but distinct concepts: the family and the family's house. [a] Its meaning shifted even within texts. [1] The oikos was the basic unit of society in most Greek city-states