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  2. Introduction to evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_evolution

    Download as PDF; Printable version; ... evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, ... [12] [13] Darwin noted that ...

  3. Evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution

    Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. [1] [2] It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. [3]

  4. Outline of evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_evolution

    Mosaic evolution Evolution of characters at various rates both within and between species; Parallel evolution – Similar evolution in distinct species; Quantum evolution Evolution where transitional forms are particularly unstable and do not last long; Recurrent evolution – The repeated evolution of a particular character

  5. Evolutionary biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biology

    The mechanisms of evolution focus mainly on mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, non-random mating, and natural selection. Mutation: Mutation [12] is a change in the DNA sequence inside a gene or a chromosome of an organism. Most mutations are deleterious, or neutral; i.e. they can neither harm nor benefit, but can also be beneficial sometimes.

  6. History of life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_life

    The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and extinct organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present day. Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago (abbreviated as Ga, for gigaannum) and evidence suggests that life emerged prior to 3.7 Ga. [1] [2] [3] The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the ...

  7. Cultural evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_evolution

    Cultural evolution is an evolutionary theory of social change. It follows from the definition of culture as "information capable of affecting individuals' behavior that they acquire from other members of their species through teaching, imitation and other forms of social transmission". [1] Cultural evolution is the change of this information ...

  8. Molecular evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_evolution

    The equation transforms the proportion of nucleotide differences between taxa 1 and 2 (p 12 = 4/18; the four site patterns that differ between taxa 1 and 2 are indicated with asterisks) into an evolutionary distance (in this case d 12 =0.2635 substitutions per site).

  9. Natural selection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_selection

    Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations.