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Under this scenario, dark energy would ultimately tear apart all gravitationally bound structures, including galaxies and solar systems, and eventually overcome the electrical and nuclear forces to tear apart atoms themselves, ending the universe in a "Big Rip". On the other hand, dark energy might dissipate with time or even become attractive.
Different theories of dark energy suggest different values of w, with w < − 1 / 3 for cosmic acceleration (this leads to a positive value of ä in the acceleration equation above). The simplest explanation for dark energy is that it is a cosmological constant or vacuum energy; in this case w = −1.
Since the 1990s, studies have shown that, assuming the cosmological principle, around 68% of the mass–energy density of the universe can be attributed to dark energy. [6] [7] [8] The cosmological constant Λ is the simplest possible explanation for dark energy, and is used in the standard model of cosmology known as the ΛCDM model.
The physical nature of dark energy is at present unknown," Huterer said. The new findings appear to corroborate the current standard model of cosmology that includes the theory of general relativity.
“Dark energy is a misidentification of variations in the kinetic energy of expansion, which is not uniform in a Universe as lumpy as the one we actually live in.
[66] [150] There are very many theories in this category, for example, replacing general relativity with a modified theory of gravity could potentially resolve the tension, [151] [152] as can a dark energy component in the early universe, [b] [153] dark energy with a time-varying equation of state, [c] [154] or dark matter that decays into dark ...
By seeing how dark energy influences their arrangement and shape, the mission will allow scientists to see if the strength of dark energy has changed. If dark energy is found to vary throughout time it would indicate it is due to quintessence, where observed acceleration is due to the energy of a scalar field, rather than the cosmological ...
Dark energy is broadly similar to inflation and is thought to be causing the expansion of the present-day universe to accelerate. However, the energy scale of dark energy is much lower, 10 −12 GeV, roughly 27 orders of magnitude less than the scale of inflation.