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A chihuahua with a valgus deformity in the left forelimb. Valgus is a term for outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint. The opposite condition is called varus, which is a medial deviation of the distal bone. The terms "varus" and "valgus" always refer to the direction in which the distal segment of the joint points.
Surgical correction may be used to treat significant angular limb deformity, usually carpal valgus, that is causing discomfort and impaired limb use. [6] For younger patients with significant growth potential to the affected area remaining, a surgery involving cutting the ulna to release its hold on the radius is possible; this allows the ...
On projectional radiography, the degree of varus or valgus deformity can be quantified by the hip-knee-ankle angle, [7] which is an angle between the femoral mechanical axis and the center of the ankle joint. [8] It is normally between 1.0° and 1.5° of varus in adults. [9] Normal ranges are different in children. [10]
A foot deformity is a disorder of the foot that can be congenital or acquired. Such deformities can include hammer toe , club foot , flat feet , pes cavus , etc. References
The treatment of equine lameness is a complex subject. Lameness in horses has a variety of causes, and treatment must be tailored to the type and degree of injury, as well as the financial capabilities of the owner. Treatment may be applied locally, systemically, or intralesionally, and the strategy for treatment may change as healing progresses.
It forms the "forearm" of the horse along with the ulna. Ulna: caudal to the radius, it is fused to that bone in an adult horse. Shoulder joint (scapulohumeral joint): usually has an angle of 120-130 degrees when the horse is standing, which can extended to 145 degrees, and flexed to 80 degrees (such as when the horse is jumping an obstacle).
Horses with a high weight-to-foot-size ratio may have an increased chance of exhibiting symptoms of navicular syndrome, since the relative load on the foot increases. This might explain why the syndrome is seen more frequently in Thoroughbreds , American Quarter Horses , and Warmbloods as opposed to ponies and Arabians .
Equinus refers to the downard deflection of the ankle, and is named for the walking on the toes in the manner of a horse. [28] This does not occur because it is accompanied by an inward rotation of the foot (varus deformity), which untreated, results in walking on the sides of the feet. Treatment may involve manipulation and casting or surgery ...