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However, the repulsive electromagnetic pressures resulting from protons being tightly squeezed inside atomic nuclei are typically on the order of 10 28 atm ≈ 10 33 Pa ≈ 10 33 kg·s −2 m −1. This amounts to about 1% of the nuclear mass density of approximately 10 18 kg/m 3 (after factoring in c 2 ≈ 9×10 16 m 2 s −2). [19]
The surface of a sphere can be completely described by two dimensions, since no matter how rough the surface may appear to be, it is still only a surface, which is the two-dimensional outside border of a volume. Even the surface of the Earth, which is fractal in complexity, is still only a two-dimensional boundary along the outside of a volume. [3]
A geometrized unit system [1] or geometrodynamic unit system is a system of natural units in which the base physical units are chosen so that the speed of light in vacuum, c, and the gravitational constant, G, are set equal to unity. = = The geometrized unit system is not a completely defined system.
Analogously to the way that electromagnetic fields are related to the distribution of charges and currents via Maxwell's equations, the EFE relate the spacetime geometry to the distribution of mass–energy, momentum and stress, that is, they determine the metric tensor of spacetime for a given arrangement of stress–energy–momentum in the ...
For example, w = 0 describes a matter-dominated universe, where the pressure is negligible with respect to the mass density. From the generic solution one easily sees that in a matter-dominated universe the scale factor goes as a ( t ) ∝ t 2 / 3 {\displaystyle a(t)\propto t^{2/3}} matter-dominated Another important example is the case of a ...
In terms of density, m = ρV, where ρ is the volumetric mass density, V is the volume occupied by the mass. This energy can be released by the processes of nuclear fission (~ 0.1%), nuclear fusion (~ 1%), or the annihilation of some or all of the matter in the volume V by matter–antimatter collisions (100%). [citation needed]
Volume of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean, which contains the deepest point on the Earth's surface 2.6 × 10 15: Volume of Greenland ice cap 3.7 × 10 15: Volume of the Mediterranean Sea: 1.54 × 10 16: Volume of water contained in the rings of Saturn (rough estimate) 3 × 10 16: Volume of water contained in the Antarctic ice sheet ...
An Earth mass (denoted as M 🜨, M ♁ or M E, where 🜨 and ♁ are the astronomical symbols for Earth), is a unit of mass equal to the mass of the planet Earth. The current best estimate for the mass of Earth is M 🜨 = 5.9722 × 10 24 kg, with a relative uncertainty of 10 −4. [2] It is equivalent to an average density of 5515 kg/m 3.