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The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum-mechanical analog of the classical harmonic oscillator. Because an arbitrary smooth potential can usually be approximated as a harmonic potential at the vicinity of a stable equilibrium point , it is one of the most important model systems in quantum mechanics.
In physics, the fundamental solution, (Green's function), or propagator of the Hamiltonian for the quantum harmonic oscillator is called the Mehler kernel.It provides the fundamental solution [3] φ(x,t) to
The quantum harmonic oscillator; The quantum harmonic oscillator with an applied uniform field [1] The Inverse square root potential [2] The periodic potential The particle in a lattice; The particle in a lattice of finite length [3] The Pöschl–Teller potential; The quantum pendulum; The three-dimensional potentials The rotating system The ...
For the treatment of the quantum harmonic oscillator in quantum mechanics, it is replaced by the tensor-valued Fradkin operator. The Fradkin tensor provides enough conserved quantities to make the oscillator's equations of motion maximally superintegrable . [ 3 ]
It was the first example of quantum dynamics when Erwin Schrödinger derived it in 1926, while searching for solutions of the Schrödinger equation that satisfy the correspondence principle. [1] The quantum harmonic oscillator (and hence the coherent states) arise in the quantum theory of a wide range of physical systems. [2]
[1] [2] This procedure is able to reproduce exactly the spectrum of the 3D harmonic oscillator, particle in a box, and even the relativistic fine structure of the hydrogen atom. [3] In 1976–1977, Michael Berry and M. Tabor derived an extension to Gutzwiller trace formula for the density of states of an integrable system starting from EBK ...
The ladder operators of the quantum harmonic oscillator or the "number representation" of second quantization are just special cases of this fact. Ladder operators then become ubiquitous in quantum mechanics from the angular momentum operator, to coherent states and to discrete magnetic translation operators.
The Hilbert space under consideration is equipped with these operators, and henceforth describes a higher-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator (usually an infinite-dimensional one). The ground state of the corresponding Hamiltonian is annihilated by all the annihilation operators: