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Whaling in the North Atlantic: From Earliest Times to the Mid-19th Century. (1986). 117 pp. Purchas, S. 1625. Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes: Contayning a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Lande Travells by Englishmen and others. Volumes XIII and XIV (Reprint 1906, J. Maclehose and sons). Schokkenbroek, Joost C. A. (2008).
The whaling industry spread throughout the world and became very profitable in terms of trade and resources. Some regions of the world's oceans, along the animals' migration routes, had a particularly dense whale population and became targets for large concentrations of whaling ships, and the industry continued to grow well into the 20th century.
Essex was an American whaling ship from Nantucket, Massachusetts, which was launched in 1799.On November 20, 1820, while at sea in the southern Pacific Ocean under the command of Captain George Pollard Jr., the ship was attacked and sunk by a sperm whale.
Even so, on the eve of world war in 1939 the industry was facing difficult times with declining whale stocks, rising costs and falling demand as manufacturers switched to whale oil substitutes, such as palm oil. The Second World War devastated the whaling industry. The European market for British-caught oil disappeared almost overnight.
The first evidence for whaling in Scotland is from Bronze Age settlements where whalebones were used for constructing and decorating dwelling places. Commercial whaling started in the Middle Ages , and by the 1750s most Scottish ports were whaling, [ 1 ] with the Edinburgh Whale-Fishing Company being founded in 1749.
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Anti-whaling activism has a short history compared to other forms of activism and environmental awareness.Early members of environmental organizations began protesting whale hunts around the world in the 20th century.
Whaling voyages were risky and expensive, and most expeditions failed. But when they succeeded, the returns were outsized and able to offset the deluge of defeats.