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The Ancestral Puebloans, also known as the Anasazi and by the earlier term the Basketmaker-Pueblo culture, were an ancient Native American culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado.
Puebloan societies contain elements of three major cultures that dominated the Southwest United States region before European contact: the Mogollon Culture, whose adherents occupied an area near Gila Wilderness; the Hohokam Culture; and the Ancestral Puebloan Culture who occupied the Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde regions of the Four Corners area.
Non-migrant cultures based on farming developed afterwards, including the Hohokam, Mogollon, Ancestral Puebloans, and Patayan. The environmental challenges of agriculture in the Southwest resulted in the demise or evolution of many once-successful agricultural societies, but they left behind impressive archeological evidence of their existence.
The Early Basketmaker II Era (1500 BCE – 50 CE) was the first Post-Archaic cultural period of Ancient Pueblo People.The era began with the cultivation of maize in the northern American southwest, although there was not a dependence upon agriculture until about 500 BCE. [1]
Cliff dwellings – Constructed in the sides of the mesas and mountains of the Southwest, cliff dwellings comprised a large number of the defensive structures of the Pueblo people. Jacal is a traditional adobe house built by the ancestral Pueblo peoples. Slim close-set poles were tied together and filled out with mud, clay and grasses, or adobe ...
Corn dated at 1500 found at the site provides evidence that some people from the Ancient Pueblo periods may have remained in the area and farmed corn. [42] Tabeguache Pueblo (Site ID 5MN.1609) Gateway Pueblo II Nucla: Tabeguache Pueblo is an example of an early, dispersed Ancient Pueblo settlement, inhabited about 1100 and later abandoned. [56]
Pueblo peoples have lived in the American Southwest for millennia and descend from the ancestral Puebloans. [3] The term Anasazi is sometimes used to refer to ancestral Pueblo people, but it is now largely avoided. Anasazi is a Navajo word that means Ancient Ones or Ancient Enemy, hence Pueblo peoples' rejection of it (see exonym). [4]
By 1000 BC, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 AD the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture. The Pueblo people survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash (the "Three Sisters").