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The most common sources of authority cited are court decisions (cases), statutes, regulations, government documents, treaties, and scholarly writing. Typically, a proper legal citation will inform the reader about a source's authority, how strongly the source supports the writer's proposition, its age, and other, relevant information.
By 2011, The Bluebook was "the main guide and source of authority" on legal references for the past 90 years. [25] It is recognized as the "gold standard" for legal references in the United States, even though it was originally designed only to help teach law students how to cite cases and other legal material. [26]
A legal citation is a "reference to a legal precedent or authority, such as a case, statute, or treatise, that either substantiates or contradicts a given position." [1] Where cases are published on paper, the citation usually contains the following information: Court that issued the decision; Report title; Volume number; Page, section, or ...
Paul Craig, 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440; Books follow a similar pattern. Note the order is Author, Title (Edition, Publisher Year) page. Joseph Raz, The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality (2nd edn, OUP 2009) If a title and a subtitle have nothing in between, a colon should be used to separate them.
Some sources attempt mainly to state what the law itself says. Some other sources attempt to state the effect of the law, such as a source about social effects or impacts arising from the implementation of a law, a source about a policy recommendation that in someone's opinion should be embodied in a law, a source about the legislative process, or a source on constitutional history.
Legal research is "the process of identifying and retrieving information necessary to support legal decision-making. In its broadest sense, legal research includes each step of a course of action that begins with an analysis of the facts of a problem and concludes with the application and communication of the results of the investigation."
In March 1999, LexisNexis released an online version, named Shepard's Citation Service. [7] While print versions of Shepard's remain in use, their use is declining. Although learning to Shepardize in print was once a rite of passage for all first-year law students, [2] the Shepard's Citations booklets in hardcopy format are cryptic compared to the online version, because of the need to cram as ...
A general reference is a citation to a reliable source that supports content, but is not linked to any particular text in the article through an inline citation. General references are usually listed at the end of the article in a "References" section, and are usually sorted by the last name of the author or the editor.