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The First French Empire [4] [a] or French Empire (French: Empire français; Latin: Imperium Francicum) and also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
The end of empire in French West Africa: France's successful decolonization (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2002). Chamberlain, Muriel E. ed. Longman Companion to European Decolonisation in the Twentieth Century (Routledge, 2014) Clayton, Anthony. The wars of French decolonization (Routledge, 2014). Cooper, Frederick.
[1] [2] During the 19th and 20th centuries, the French colonial empire was the second largest colonial empire in the world only behind the British Empire; it extended over 13,500,000 km 2 (5,200,000 sq mi) [3] [4] of land at its height in the 1920s and 1930s. In terms of population however, on the eve of World War II, France and her colonial ...
In parallel, France developed its first colonial empire in Asia, Africa, and in the Americas. In the 16th to the 17th centuries, the First French colonial empire stretched from a total area at its peak in 1680 to over 10,000,000 square kilometres (3,900,000 sq mi), the second-largest empire in the world at the time behind the Spanish Empire.
Napoleon was declared Emperor by the Senate, marking the beginning of the First French Empire and the end of the French Consulate. 2 December: Napoleon crowned himself Emperor in Notre-Dame de Paris. Napoleon had Pope Pius VII in attendance to indicate approval of the Church. 1805: 2 December
The Second French Empire, [a] officially the French Empire, [b] was the government of France from 2 December 1852 to 4 September 1870 between the Second and the Third French Republics. Ruled by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (Napoleon III) , the period was one of significant achievements in infrastructure and economy, while France reasserted itself ...
The First French Empire is considered by some to be a "Republican empire." [56] On 18 May 1804, Napoleon was granted the title Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français) by the French Sénat conservateur and was crowned on 2 December 1804, [57] signifying the end of the French Consulate and of the French First Republic. Despite his ...
The second colonial empire came to an end after the loss in later wars of Vietnam (1954) and Algeria (1962), and relatively peaceful decolonizations elsewhere after 1960. [ 71 ] France lost wars to Britain that stripped away nearly all of its colonies by 1765.