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The general definition of a qubit as the quantum state of a two-level quantum system.In quantum computing, a qubit (/ ˈ k juː b ɪ t /) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.
The purpose of quantum computing focuses on building an information theory with the features of quantum mechanics: instead of encoding a binary unit of information , which can be switched to 1 or 0, a quantum binary unit of information (qubit) can simultaneously turn to be 0 and 1 at the same time, thanks to the phenomenon called superposition.
The number of dimensions of the Hilbert spaces depends on what kind of quantum systems the register is composed of. Qubits are 2-dimensional complex spaces ( C 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{2}} ), while qutrits are 3-dimensional complex spaces ( C 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{3}} ), etc.
[1] [2] A logical qubit is a physical or abstract qubit that performs as specified in a quantum algorithm or quantum circuit [3] subject to unitary transformations, has a long enough coherence time to be usable by quantum logic gates (c.f. propagation delay for classical logic gates). [1] [4] [5]
Global single qubit gates on all the atoms can be done either by applying a microwave field for qubits encoded in the Hyperfine manifold such as Rb and Cs or by applying an RF magnetic field for qubits encoded in the nuclear spin such as Yb and Sr. Focused laser beams can be used to do single-site one qubit rotation using a lambda-type three level Raman scheme (see figure).
Time-bin encoding is a technique used in quantum information science to encode a qubit of information on a photon. Quantum information science makes use of qubits as a basic resource similar to bits in classical computing. Qubits are any two-level quantum mechanical system; there are many different physical implementations of qubits, one of ...
The DiVincenzo criteria are conditions necessary for constructing a quantum computer, conditions proposed in 1996 by the theoretical physicist David P. DiVincenzo, [1] as being those necessary to construct such a computer—a computer first proposed by mathematician Yuri Manin, in 1980, [2] and physicist Richard Feynman, in 1982 [3] —as a means to efficiently simulate quantum systems, such ...
The classical bits control if the 1-qubit X and Z gates are executed, allowing teleportation. [ 1 ] By moving the measurement to the end, the 2-qubit controlled -X and -Z gates need to be applied, which requires both qubits to be near (i.e. at a distance where 2-qubit quantum effects can be controlled), and thus limits the distance of the ...