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A battery charger, recharger, or simply charger, [1] [2] is a device that stores energy in an electric battery by running current through it. The charging protocol—how much voltage , amperes, current, for how long and what to do when charging is complete—depends on the size and type of the battery being charged.
Charge controller circuits are used for rechargeable electronic devices such as cell phones, laptop computers, portable audio players, and uninterruptible power supplies, as well as for larger battery systems found in electric vehicles and orbiting space satellites [9]
Battery simulator mimics a battery's electrical characteristic of outputting a voltage and is able to source as well as sink current. [1] This type of power supply is called two-quadrant power supply.
A circuit diagram (or: wiring diagram, electrical diagram, elementary diagram, electronic schematic) is a graphical representation of an electrical circuit. A pictorial circuit diagram uses simple images of components, while a schematic diagram shows the components and interconnections of the circuit using standardized symbolic representations.
Stand-alone switched-mode power supply An adjustable switched-mode power supply for laboratory use. A switched-mode power supply (SMPS), also called switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, switched power supply, or simply switcher, is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently.
Although there is a risk of short-circuiting a battery charger, the risk is minimal and often mitigated by the circuitry of the battery charger itself. On the other hand, the short-circuit current of the lead–acid batteries installed in vehicles is sufficiently great that a short circuit could result in a fire or explosion. The priority is ...
Trickle charging is the process of charging a fully charged battery at a rate equal to its self-discharge rate, enabling the battery to remain at its fully charged level. This state occurs almost exclusively when the battery is not loaded, as trickle charging will not keep a battery charged if current is being drawn by a load.
Closed-loop regulator circuits using the TL431 are always designed to operate in high transconductance mode, with I CA no less than 1 mA (point D on the current-voltage curve). [8] [7] [2] For better control loop stability, optimal I CA should be set at around 5 mA, although this may compromise overall efficiency. [30] [7]