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  2. Ammonium chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_chloride

    NH 4 Cl + NaOH → NH 3 + NaCl + H 2 O. Similarly, ammonium chloride also reacts with alkali-metal carbonates at elevated temperatures, giving ammonia and alkali-metal chloride: 2 NH 4 Cl + Na 2 CO 3 → 2 NaCl + CO 2 + H 2 O + 2 NH 3. A solution of 5% by mass of ammonium chloride in water has a pH in the range 4.6 to 6.0. [12]

  3. Ionic strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_strength

    The molar ionic strength, I, of a solution is a function of the concentration of all ions present in that solution. [3]= = where one half is because we are including both cations and anions, c i is the molar concentration of ion i (M, mol/L), z i is the charge number of that ion, and the sum is taken over all ions in the solution.

  4. Salt (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)

    In chemistry, a salt or ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of an assembly of positively charged ions and negatively charged ions , [1] which results in a compound with no net electric charge (electrically neutral). The constituent ions are held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonds.

  5. Standard enthalpy of formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_of_formation

    For many substances, the formation reaction may be considered as the sum of a number of simpler reactions, either real or fictitious. The enthalpy of reaction can then be analyzed by applying Hess' law, which states that the sum of the enthalpy changes for a number of individual reaction steps equals the enthalpy change of the overall reaction.

  6. Ionic liquid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_liquid

    An ionic liquid (IL) is a salt in the liquid state at ambient conditions. In some contexts, the term has been restricted to salts whose melting point is below a ...

  7. Aqueous solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_solution

    Complete ionic equations and net ionic equations are used to show dissociated ions in metathesis reactions. When performing calculations regarding the reacting of one or more aqueous solutions, in general one must know the concentration , or molarity , of the aqueous solutions.

  8. Ion transport number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_transport_number

    In practice the molar ionic conductivities are calculated from the measured ion transport numbers and the total molar conductivity. For the cation + = + +, and similarly for the anion. In solutions, where ionic complexation or associaltion are important, two different transport/transference numbers can be defined.

  9. Chloralkali process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloralkali_process

    The ion-permeable ion-exchange membrane at the center of the cell allows only the sodium ions (Na +) to pass to the second chamber where they react with the hydroxide ions to produce caustic soda (NaOH) (B in figure): [1] Na + + OH − → NaOH The overall reaction for the electrolysis of brine is thus: 2NaCl + 2 H 2 O → Cl 2 + H 2 + 2NaOH