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A ukase written in the 17th-century Russian chancery cursive. The Russian (and Cyrillic in general) cursive was developed during the 18th century on the base of the earlier Cyrillic tachygraphic writing (ско́ропись, skoropis, "rapid or running script"), which in turn was the 14th–17th-century chancery hand of the earlier Cyrillic bookhand scripts (called ustav and poluustav).
Early Greek print, from a 1566 edition of Aristotle. The sample shows the -os ligature in the middle of the second line (in the word μέθοδος), the kai ligature below it in the third line, and the -ou-ligature right below that in the fourth line, along many others. 18th-century typeface sample by William Caslon, showing a greatly reduced set of ligatures (-ου-in "τοῦ", end of first ...
A fifth form, used in the 18th century in some French italic typefaces, was a derivative either of the Schrift form of the minuscule r or of similar typefaces used elsewhere. Its form was of a backwards J set just after the same shape rotated 180 degrees. They were separated by a space smaller than their stroke width, and the whole character ...
Brahmi is clearly attested from the 3rd century BCE during the reign of Ashoka, who used the script for imperial edicts. Northern Brahmi gave rise to the Gupta script during the Gupta period , which in turn diversified into a number of cursives during the medieval period .
Greek cursive script, 6th century CE. The Greek alphabet has had several cursive forms in the course of its development. In antiquity, a cursive form of handwriting was used in writing on papyrus. It employed slanted and partly connected letter forms as well as many ligatures. Some features of this handwriting were later adopted into Greek ...
Avar (historically), later replaced in the 17th century by Arabic and by the Cyrillic script in the 20th century. [79] [80] Turkish; a Turkish Gospel, dictionary, poems, medical book dating from the 18th century. [81] Persian; the 18th-century Persian translation of the Arabic Gospel is kept at the National Center of Manuscripts in Tbilisi.
A chart showing 30 Anglo-Saxon runes A rune-row showing variant shapes. The letter sequence and letter inventory of futhorc, along with the actual sounds indicated by those letters, could vary depending on location and time.
However, there are only 26 letters in the modern English alphabet, so there is not a one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds. Many sounds are spelled using different letters or multiple letters, and for those words whose pronunciation is predictable from the spelling, the sounds denoted by the letters depend on the surrounding letters.