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In pharmacokinetics, a loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose. [ 1 ] A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life .
Eclampsia, like pre-eclampsia, tends to occur more commonly in first pregnancies than subsequent pregnancies. [38] [39] [40] Women who have long term high blood pressure before becoming pregnant have a greater risk of pre-eclampsia. [38] [39] Patients who have gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia have an increased risk of eclampsia. [41]
Both circulating and placental levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) are higher in women with pre-eclampsia than in women with normal pregnancy. [26] sFlt-1 is an anti-angiogenic protein that antagonizes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PIGF), both of which are proangiogenic factors. [15]
Magnesium sulfate is effective in decreasing the risk that pre-eclampsia progresses to eclampsia. [24] Intravenous magnesium sulfate is used to prevent and treat seizures of eclampsia. It reduces the systolic blood pressure but does not alter the diastolic blood pressure, so the blood perfusion to the fetus is not compromised.
Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) is soluble in water. It is commonly used as a laxative, owing to the poor absorption of the sulfate component. In lower doses, they may be used as an oral magnesium source, however. Intravenous or intramuscular magnesium is generally in the form of magnesium sulfate solution. Intravenous or intramuscular ...
Magnesium sulfate [40] Myosin light chain inhibitor Probably effective in delaying preterm birth by 48 hours. [8] It is used for its neuro-protective effects since it is shown to decrease the risk of cerebral palsy in infants. [41] Absolute contraindication: myasthenia gravis. [42] Use as a tocolytic agent may result in death of the fetus or ...
Normal magnesium levels are between 0.6 and 1.1 mmol/L (1.46–2.68 mg/dL) with levels less than 0.6 mmol/L (1.46 mg/dL) defining hypomagnesemia. [1] Specific electrocardiogram (ECG) changes may be seen. [1] Treatment is with magnesium either by mouth or intravenously. [2] For those with severe symptoms, intravenous magnesium sulfate may be ...
Continuing the maintenance dose for about 4 to 5 half-lives (t 1/2) of the drug will approximate the steady state level. [1] One or more doses higher than the maintenance dose can be given together at the beginning of therapy with a loading dose. [2] A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly ...