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The violent chemical reaction ignited the detonator and exploded the mine. The mine did not have a safety or anti-tamper mechanism. Disarming one was a fairly simple procedure of unscrewing the igniter near the base, avoiding the fragile top. [4]
A contact explosive is a chemical substance that explodes violently when it is exposed to a relatively small amount of energy (e.g. friction, pressure, sound, light). Though different contact explosives have varying amounts of energy sensitivity, they are all much more sensitive relative to other kinds of explosives.
In technical terms, the reaction zone (chemical combustion) is a self-driven shock wave where the reaction zone and the shock are coincident, and the chemical reaction is initiated by the compressive heating caused by the shock wave. The process is similar to ignition in a Diesel engine, but much more sudden and violent.
Vented deflagrations tend to be less violent or damaging than contained deflagrations. [12] In free-air deflagrations, there is a continuous variation in deflagration effects relative to the maximum flame velocity. When flame velocities are low, the effect of a deflagration is to release heat, such as in a flash fire.
An exothermic thermite reaction using iron(III) oxide. The sparks flying outwards are globules of molten iron trailing smoke in their wake. Some examples of exothermic processes are: [14] Combustion of fuels such as wood, coal and oil/petroleum; The thermite reaction [15] The reaction of alkali metals and other highly electropositive metals ...
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [3] Notable examples include alkali metals, lithium through caesium, and alkaline earth metals, magnesium through barium.
The simplest theory to predict the behaviour of detonations in gases is known as the Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) condition, developed around the turn of the 20th century. This theory, described by a relatively simple set of algebraic equations, models the detonation as a propagating shock wave accompanied by exothermic heat release.
The Skraup reaction. In this example, nitrobenzene serves as both the solvent and the oxidizing agent. The reaction, which otherwise has a reputation for being violent, is typically conducted in the presence of ferrous sulfate. [5] Arsenic acid may be used instead of nitrobenzene and the former is better since the reaction is less violent. [6]
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