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The molar gas constant (also known as the gas constant, universal gas constant, or ideal gas constant) is denoted by the symbol R or R. It is the molar equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per amount of substance, rather than energy per temperature increment per particle.
Symbol Name Meaning SI unit of measure alpha: alpha particle: angular acceleration: radian per second squared (rad/s 2) fine-structure constant: unitless beta: velocity in terms of the speed of light c: unitless beta particle: gamma: Lorentz factor: unitless photon: gamma ray: shear strain: radian
The general form of wavefunction for a system of particles, each with position r i and z-component of spin s z i. Sums are over the discrete variable s z , integrals over continuous positions r . For clarity and brevity, the coordinates are collected into tuples, the indices label the particles (which cannot be done physically, but is ...
Angular momentum about a position point r 0, L, J, S = Most of the time we can set r 0 = 0 if particles are orbiting about axes intersecting at a common point. kg m 2 s −1: M L 2 T −1: Moment of a force about a position point r 0, Torque. τ, M
Quantity (common name/s) (Common) symbol/s Defining equation SI units Dimension Number of atoms N = Number of atoms remaining at time t. N 0 = Initial number of atoms at time t = 0
Summarizing, for any truly ohmic device having resistance R, V/I = ΔV/ΔI = R for any applied voltage or current or for the difference between any set of applied voltages or currents. The I–V curves of four devices: Two resistors, a diode, and a battery. The two resistors follow Ohm's law: The plot is a straight line through the origin.
The term reluctance was coined in May 1888 by Oliver Heaviside. [1] The notion of "magnetic resistance" was first mentioned by James Joule in 1840. [2] The idea for a magnetic flux law, similar to Ohm's law for closed electric circuits, is attributed to Henry Augustus Rowland in an 1873 paper. [3]
In physics, the magnetomotive force (abbreviated mmf or MMF, symbol ) is a quantity appearing in the equation for the magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit, Hopkinson's law. [1] It is the property of certain substances or phenomena that give rise to magnetic fields : F = Φ R , {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}=\Phi {\mathcal {R}},} where Φ is the ...