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Pantheists are "monists" ... they believe that there is only one Being, and that all other forms of reality are either modes (or appearances) of it or identical with it. [ 39 ] Pantheism is closely related to monism, as pantheists too believe all of reality is one substance, called Universe, God or Nature.
All three Milesian philosophers were monists who believed in a single foundational source of everything: Anaximenes believed it to be air, while Thales and Anaximander believed it to be water and an undefined infinity, respectively. It is generally accepted that Anaximenes was instructed by Anaximander, and many of their philosophical ideas are ...
Dualism is the view that reality is, broadly speaking, made up of two distinct substances or properties: physical substances/properties and mental substances/properties. Neutral monism, in contrast, takes both mind and matter to supervene on a neutral third substance, which is neither mental nor physical.
In the philosophy of mind, double-aspect theory is the view that the mental and the physical are two aspects of, or perspectives on, the same substance. It is also called dual-aspect monism, not to be confused with mind–body dualism. [1]
Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions of material things.
The term monad (from Ancient Greek μονάς (monas) 'unity' and μόνος (monos) 'alone') [1] is used in some cosmic philosophy and cosmogony to refer to a most basic or original substance. As originally conceived by the Pythagoreans , the Monad is the Supreme Being , divinity or the totality of all things.
What's left is everything you've suppressed — all those nagging feelings you’ve been able to drown. The desert mirrors them back to you, turns them up so loud that you can’t pretend anymore.
Anaximander (/ æ ˌ n æ k s ɪ ˈ m æ n d ər / an-AK-sih-MAN-dər; Ancient Greek: Ἀναξίμανδρος Anaximandros; c. 610 – c. 546 BC) [3] was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus, [4] a city of Ionia (in modern-day Turkey).