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  2. Republic of Florence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Florence

    This effectively brought the Papal States and Florence into a political union. [50] Leo X ruled Florence by proxy, first appointing his brother Giuliano de' Medici to rule in his stead, and then in 1513, replacing Giuliano with his cousin, Lorenzo II de' Medici. [51] Lorenzo II's government proved unpopular in Florence. [51]

  3. List of countries by population in 1500 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    Estimate numbers are from the beginning of the year, and exact population figures are for countries that held a census on various dates in that year. The bulk of these numbers are sourced from Alexander V. Avakov's Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1 , pages 12 to 14, which cover population figures from the year 1500 divided ...

  4. History of Florence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Florence

    Brucker, Gene A. Renaissance Florence (2nd ed. 1983) Cochrane, Eric. Florence in the Forgotten Centuries, 1527-1800: A History of Florence and the Florentines in the Age of the Grand Dukes (1976) Crum, Roger J. and John T. Paoletti. Renaissance Florence: A Social History (2008) excerpt and text search; Goldthwaite, Richard A.

  5. Florence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence

    This compares with the Italian average of 18.06 percent (minors) and 19.94 percent (pensioners). The average age of Florence resident is 49 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Florence grew by 3.22 percent, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.56 percent. [49]

  6. House of Medici - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Medici

    The House of Medici (English: / ˈ m ɛ d ɪ tʃ i / MED-itch-ee, UK also / m ə ˈ d iː tʃ i / mə-DEE-chee; [4] Italian: [ˈmɛːditʃi]) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first consolidated power in the Republic of Florence under Cosimo de' Medici and his grandson Lorenzo "the Magnificent" during the first half of the 15th century.

  7. Timeline of Florence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Florence

    541 – Florence sacked by forces of Ostrogoth Totila. [1] 1078 – City walls built. [2] 1080 – Stone Ponte Vecchio (bridge) built. [3] 1107 – Monte Orlandi and Prato become part of Florence. [3] 1115–16 – Commune form of government adopted; [2] Republic of Florence established. 1128 – Florence Baptistery built. 1138 – "City ...

  8. List of heads of state of Florence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of...

    The first de facto Lord (Italian: Signore) in the history of the Republic of Florence was Cosimo de' Medici.Thanks to his moderate policy, Cosimo managed to maintain power for over thirty years until his death, ruling the state silently through his trusted men and thus allowing the consolidation of his family, the Medici, in the government of Florence.

  9. Florentine military reforms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florentine_military_reforms

    First of all, the Florentine Republic was divided into a series of districts. The purpose of this being to have government officials travel through each district and point out men of suitable bodily strength in order that they may serve. [2] Each man was issued a weapon – a spear and a body harness – that was a uniform in the Florentine ...