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Borax (also referred to as sodium borate, tincal (/ ˈ t ɪ ŋ k əl /) and tincar (/ ˈ t ɪ ŋ k ər /)) is a salt (ionic compound), a hydrated or anhydrous borate of sodium, with the chemical formula Na 2 H 20 B 4 O 17. [1] [a] It is a colorless crystalline solid that dissolves in water to make a basic solution.
Borate anions are largely in the form of the undissociated acid in aqueous solution at physiological pH. No further metabolism occurs in either animals or plants. In animals, boric acid/borate salts are essentially completely absorbed following oral ingestion. Absorption occurs via inhalation, although quantitative data are unavailable.
Sodium borate is a generic name for any salt of sodium with an anion consisting of boron and oxygen, and possibly hydrogen, or any hydrate thereof. It can be seen as a hydrated sodium salt of the appropriate boroxy acid , although the latter may not be a stable compound.
The simplest way to prepare a BBS solution is to use BBS tablets. They are formulated to give a ready to use borate buffered saline solution upon dissolution in 500 ml of deionized water. Concentration of borate and NaCl as well as the pH can vary, and the resulting solution would still be referred to as "borate buffered saline".
The Borate Minerals are minerals which contain a borate anion group. The borate (BO 3 ) units may be polymerised similar to the SiO 4 unit of the silicate mineral class. This results in B 2 O 5 , B 3 O 6 , B 2 O 4 anions as well as more complex structures which include hydroxide or halogen anions. [ 2 ]
The oldest one is the borax bead test or blister test. It was introduced by Berzelius in 1812. [1] Since then other salts were used as fluxing agents, such as sodium carbonate or sodium fluoride. The most important one after borax is microcosmic salt, [1] which is the basis of the microcosmic salt bead test. [2]
Trimethyl borate is a popular borate ester used in organic synthesis. Borate esters form spontaneously when treated with diols such as sugars and the reaction with mannitol forms the basis of a titrimetric analytical method for boric acid. Metaborate esters show considerable Lewis acidity and can initiate epoxide polymerization reactions. [4]
The solution of orthoboric acid and borax in 4:5 ratio is used as a fire retarding agent of wood by impregnation. [38] It is also used in the manufacturing of ramming mass, a fine silica-containing powder used for producing induction furnace linings and ceramics. Boric acid is added to borax for use as welding flux by blacksmiths. [39]