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Under the free margin of the nail, hyperkeratosis causes the nail plate to pull up and results in a deformity that resembles a gaping toecap separated from the sole at the seam. Pitting and sporadic cross-ridging of the nail plate are more common in fingernails than toenails.
Onychoschizia, also known as nail splitting and brittle nails, is a splitting of the free-edged tip of the nail. [1] There is also often a longitudinal split in addition to the separation of keratin layers.
Onychorrhexis also known as brittle nails, is brittleness with breakage of fingernails or toenails. Paronychia is a bacterial or fungal infection where the nail and skin meet. Koilonychia is when the nail curves upwards (becomes spoon-shaped) due to an iron deficiency. The normal process of change is: brittle nails, straight nails, spoon-shaped ...
The defining characteristic of a keratoacanthoma is that it is dome-shaped, symmetrical, surrounded by a smooth wall of inflamed skin, and capped with keratin scales and debris. It grows rapidly, reaching a large size within days or weeks, and if untreated for months will almost always starve itself of nourishment, necrose (die), slough, and ...
For moderate to severe cases, the affected areas should be hydrated (moisturised) with warm water or compresses for 5-10 minutes. Softening preparations are then applied once a day until the excess keratin is removed. In dogs with severe hyperkeratosis and a significant excess of keratin, it is removed with scissors or a blade.
Scale: Dry or greasy laminated masses of keratin, [30] they represent thickened stratum corneum. [29] Crust: Dried sebum usually mixed with epithelial and sometimes bacterial debris [10] Lichenification: Epidermal thickening characterized by visible and palpable thickening of the skin with accentuated skin markings [1]
Pachyonychia congenita (often abbreviated as "PC") is a rare group of autosomal dominant skin disorders that are caused by a mutation in one of five different keratin genes. Pachyonychia congenita is often associated with thickened toenails, plantar keratoderma, and plantar pain.
Onycholysis is a common medical condition characterized by the painless detachment of the nail from the nail bed, usually starting at the tip and/or sides. [1] On the hands, it occurs particularly on the ring finger but can occur on any of the fingernails.