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Both the negatively charged anion HO −, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group. According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group. [1]
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH −. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst.
In this case, hydroxide is a strong enough base to deprotonate the carboxylic acid because the conjugate base is more stable than the base because the negative charge is delocalized over two electronegative atoms compared to one. Using pK a values, the carboxylic
The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons is unequal to its total number of protons. A cation is a positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons [2] (e.g. K + (potassium ion)) while an anion is a negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons. [3] (e.g. Cl-(chloride ion) and OH-(hydroxide
A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. [1] Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×10 10 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it ...
The positively charged sodium ions Na + will react toward the cathode, neutralizing the negative charge of OH − there, and the negatively charged hydroxide ions OH − will react toward the anode, neutralizing the positive charge of Na + there.
A proton is a subatomic particle in the nucleus with a unit positive electrical charge. It is represented by the symbol H + because it has the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, [2] that is, a hydrogen cation. A cation can be a conjugate acid, and an anion can be a conjugate base, depending on which substance is involved and which acid–base theory ...
A simple example of a polyatomic ion is the hydroxide ion, which consists of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom, jointly carrying a net charge of −1; its chemical formula is O H −. In contrast, an ammonium ion consists of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms, with a charge of +1; its chemical formula is N H + 4.