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FDI Notation, teeth's quadrants. FDI World Dental Federation notation (also "FDI notation" or "ISO 3950 notation") is the world's most commonly used dental notation (tooth numbering system).
The upper teeth are denoted I 1, I 2, C −, Pm 3, Pm 4, M 1, M 2, and M 3. Left or right has to be specified. The lower teeth are I 1, I 2, C −, Pm 3, Pm 4, M 1, M 2, and M 3. The reason the premolars are labeled 3 and 4 is that in earlier primates there were two other premolars between them and the canines. [5]
3D medical illustration explaining the oral digestive system. The mouth is the first part of the upper gastrointestinal tract and is equipped with several structures that begin the first processes of digestion. [3] These include salivary glands, teeth and the tongue. The mouth consists of two regions; the vestibule and the oral cavity proper.
The pterygomandibular raphe is a tendinous band [2] [3] formed by the buccopharyngeal fascia. It is a paired structure, with one on each side of the mouth. [ 3 ] Superiorly, it is attached to the pterygoid hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone ; inferiorly, it is attached to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the ...
The mouth consists of two regions: the vestibule and the oral cavity proper. The vestibule is the area between the teeth, lips and cheeks. [3] The oral cavity is bounded at the sides and in front by the alveolar process (containing the teeth) and at the back by the isthmus of the fauces. Its roof is formed by the hard palate.
The dental lamina is a band of epithelial tissue seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. [1] [2] The dental lamina is first evidence of tooth development and begins (in humans) at the sixth week in utero or three weeks after the rupture of the buccopharyngeal membrane.
Together, the paired mylohyoid muscles form a muscular floor for the oral cavity of the mouth. [2] The two mylohyoid muscles arise from the mandible at the mylohyoid line, which extends from the mandibular symphysis in front to the last molar tooth behind. The posterior fibers pass inferomedially and insert at anterior surface of the hyoid bone.
The oral cavity has sometimes been described as a mirror that reflects the health of the individual. [2] Changes indicative of disease are seen as alterations in the oral mucosa lining the mouth, which can reveal systemic conditions, such as diabetes or vitamin deficiency , or the local effects of chronic tobacco or alcohol use. [ 3 ]