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Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma varies by the stage of disease, a person's likelihood to tolerate surgery, and availability of liver transplantation: Curative intention: for limited disease, when the cancer is limited to one or more areas of within the liver, surgically removing the malignant cells may be curative.
The treatment of chronic liver disease depends on the cause. Specific conditions may be treated with medications including corticosteroids , interferon , antivirals , bile acids or other drugs. Supportive therapy for complications of cirrhosis include diuretics , albumin , vitamin K , blood products , antibiotics and nutritional therapy.
Principal tumors that secrete AFP are endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac carcinoma), hepatoblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma.In patients with AFP-secreting tumors, serum levels of AFP often correlate with tumor size. Resection is usually associated with a fall in serum levels. Serum levels are useful in assessing response to treatment.
Successful treatment decreases the future risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by 75%. [115] Before 2012, sustained response occurred in about 40–50% of those with HCV genotype 1 who received 48 weeks of treatment. [5] A sustained response was seen in 70–80% of people with HCV genotypes 2 and 3 following 24 weeks of treatment. [5]
Acute liver failure is defined as "the rapid development of hepatocellular dysfunction, specifically coagulopathy and mental status changes (encephalopathy) in a patient without known prior liver disease". [3]:1557 [4]
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer, and the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. [153] Screening using an ultrasound with or without cancer markers such as alpha-fetoprotein can detect this cancer and is often carried out for early signs which has been shown to improve outcomes.
Chronic hepatitis C is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. [132] It is a common medical reason for liver transplantation due to its severe complications. [132] It is estimated that 130–180 million people in the world are affected by this disease representing a little more than 3% of the world population.
Post-treatment liver decompensation, and subsequent liver failure, is a risk with radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common type of primary liver cancer. Research shows that proton therapy gives favorable results related to local tumor control, progression-free survival, and overall survival.