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Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai erupted over a span of 12 hours, releasing 1.9 km 3 (0.46 cu mi) of ejecta with an estimated mass of 2,900 teragrams. Although the eruption energy was soon estimated from the acoustic waves and the ash cloud, its ranking on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is still debated. [62]
Before the 2022 eruption, the highest point in the former Hunga Tonga reached an elevation of 149 m (489 ft), while Hunga Haʻapai was only 128 m (420 ft) above sea level. [3] Neither island was large: before they were connected in 2015, each island was about 2 km (1.2 mi) long, with Hunga Tonga being roughly 390,000 m 2 (0.15 sq mi) and Hunga ...
Satellite images of the 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai. This is a sortable list of large eruptions that occurred between 11.7 Ka and 450+ Ma. Uncertainties as to dates and tephra volumes are not restated, and references are not repeated.
A major eruption of Hunga Tonga, a volcanic island in Tonga in the Pacific Ocean, occurred on 15 January 2022. The eruption caused tsunamis in Tonga and Fiji. Tsunami warnings were issued for Fiji, Samoa, New Zealand, Australia, the United States, Japan and Canada. The tsunami reached 15 metres (49 ft) in Tonga. [206] [207] 2022 Philippines
Timeline of volcanism on Earth (mostly VEI-6, within 2 kya) List of volcanic eruptions 1500–1999; List of volcanic eruptions in the 21st century; List of volcanic eruptions by death toll; List of large Holocene volcanic eruptions (VEI-5–7) List of large volcanic eruptions (VEI-5–8, within 450+ Mya)
Tsunamis have been triggered by a number of volcanic eruptions, including the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, and the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption. Over 20% of all fatalities caused by volcanism during the past 250 years are estimated to have been caused by volcanogenic tsunamis.
A gentle, or effusive, volcanic eruption, in which liquid material (lava) gently flows from a vent, in this case in south-eastern Hawai’i island Satellite animation of the initial ash plume and shockwave of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai eruption and tsunami.
10–25 km (6–16 mi) ... with a VEI of 8, ... The underwater volcano Hunga Tonga in Tonga breached sea level in 2009. Both of its vents exhibited Surtseyan activity ...