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The Modigliani–Miller theorem states that dividend policy does not influence the value of the firm. [4] The theory, more generally, is framed in the context of capital structure, and states that — in the absence of taxes, bankruptcy costs, agency costs, and asymmetric information, and in an efficient market — the enterprise value of a firm is unaffected by how that firm is financed: i.e ...
[3] [4] Their work borrowed heavily from the theoretical and mathematical ideas found in John Burr Williams 1938 book "The Theory of Investment Value," which put forth the dividend discount model 18 years before Gordon and Shapiro. When dividends are assumed to grow at a constant rate, the variables are: is the current stock price.
The primary difference between SPM and the Walter model is the substitution of earnings and growth in the equation. Consequently, any variable which may influence a company's constant growth rate such as inflation, external financing, and changing industry dynamics can be considered using SPM in addition to growth caused by the reinvestment of ...
Dividend growth modeling helps investors determine a fair price for a company’s shares, using the stock’s current dividend, the expected future growth rate of the dividend and the required ...
Under a "Residual dividend policy" - i.e. as contrasted with a "smoothed" payout policy - the firm will use retained profits to finance capital investments if cheaper than the same via equity financing; see again Pecking order theory. Similarly, under the Walter model, dividends are paid only if capital retained will earn a higher return than ...
John Burr Williams, The Theory of Investment Value, numeraire.com; Obituary, NY Times; John Burr Williams on dividends Archived 2007-12-22 at archive.today, beginnersinvest, about.com; In context. Capital Ideas: The Improbable Origins of Modern Wall Street, Peter L. Bernstein. Free Press 1993. ISBN 0-02-903012-9 "The Theory of Investment".
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[74] Extensions of the theory here then also consider these latter, as follows: (i) optimization re capitalization structure, and theories here as to corporate choices and behavior: Capital structure substitution theory, Pecking order theory, Market timing hypothesis, Trade-off theory; (ii) considerations and analysis re dividend policy ...