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A string-searching algorithm, sometimes called string-matching algorithm, is an algorithm that searches a body of text for portions that match by pattern. A basic example of string searching is when the pattern and the searched text are arrays of elements of an alphabet ( finite set ) Σ.
Byte pair encoding [1] [2] (also known as digram coding) [3] is an algorithm, first described in 1994 by Philip Gage, for encoding strings of text into tabular form for use in downstream modeling. [4] A slightly-modified version of the algorithm is used in large language model tokenizers. The original version of the algorithm focused on ...
In a typical document classification task, the input to the machine learning algorithm (both during learning and classification) is free text. From this, a bag of words (BOW) representation is constructed: the individual tokens are extracted and counted, and each distinct token in the training set defines a feature (independent variable) of each of the documents in both the training and test sets.
String diagrams are a formal graphical language for representing morphisms in monoidal categories, or more generally 2-cells in 2-categories. They are a prominent tool in applied category theory . When interpreted in the monoidal category of vector spaces and linear maps with the tensor product , string diagrams are called tensor networks or ...
The codeword for that symbol is the string of "0"s and "1"s that records which half of the divides it fell on. This method was proposed in a later (in print) technical report by Fano (1949). Shannon–Fano codes are suboptimal in the sense that they do not always achieve the lowest possible expected codeword length, as Huffman coding does. [ 1 ]
The Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT, also called block-sorting compression) rearranges a character string into runs of similar characters. This is useful for compression, since it tends to be easy to compress a string that has runs of repeated characters by techniques such as move-to-front transform and run-length encoding.
Even though all LZ77 algorithms work by definition on the same basic principle, they can vary widely in how they encode their compressed data to vary the numerical ranges of a length–distance pair, alter the number of bits consumed for a length–distance pair, and distinguish their length–distance pairs from literals (raw data encoded as ...
Shannon's diagram of a general communications system, showing the process by which a message sent becomes the message received (possibly corrupted by noise). seq2seq is an approach to machine translation (or more generally, sequence transduction) with roots in information theory, where communication is understood as an encode-transmit-decode process, and machine translation can be studied as a ...