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Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is thick leathery skin with exaggerated skin markings caused by sudden itching and excessive rubbing and scratching. [1] It generally results in small bumps, patches, scratch marks and scale. [1] It typically affects the neck, scalp, upper eyelids, ears, palms, soles, ankles, wrists, genital areas and bottom. [1]
Neurodermatitis (lichen simplex chronicus, localized scratch dermatitis) is an itchy area of thickened, pigmented eczema patch that results from habitual rubbing and scratching. Usually, there is only one spot. Often curable through behaviour modification and anti-inflammatory medication.
Cladonia grayi, commonly known as Gray's cup lichen or Gray's pixie cup, is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. [3] It is characterised by small, leaf-like squamules forming its primary thallus and distinctive upright podetia (5–15 mm tall) that develop into goblet-shaped cups.
This complex of allergen and carrier protein is what the immune system detects as foreign, leading to an allergic response. The conjugate formed is then recognized as a foreign body by the Langerhans cells (LCs) (and in some cases other Dendritic cells (DCs)), which then internalize the protein; transport it via the lymphatic system to the ...
Contact dermatitis is a type of acute or chronic inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to chemical or physical agents. [1] Symptoms of contact dermatitis can include itchy or dry skin, a red rash, bumps, blisters, or swelling.
A fruticose lichen may have flattened "branches", appearing similar to a foliose lichen, but the underside of a leaf-like structure on a fruticose lichen is the same color as the top side. The leaf-like lobes of a foliose lichen may branch, giving the appearance of a fruticose lichen, but the underside will be a different color from the top side.
Erythema multiforme (EM) is a skin condition that appears with red patches evolving into target lesions, typically on both hands. [2] [3]It is a type of erythema possibly mediated by deposition of immune complexes (mostly IgM-bound complexes) in the superficial microvasculature of the skin and oral mucous membrane that usually follows an infection or drug exposure.
An itch is triggered by both the peripheral and central nervous system in response through a complex circuit of neurons. Specifically, c fibres and Aδ fibres are responsible for the itch response which have been seen to be inhibited at higher rates in the elderly. [ 3 ]