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The oldest known paper document in Europe is the Mozarab Missal of Silos from the 11th century, [73] probably using paper made in the Islamic part of the Iberian Peninsula. They used hemp and linen rags as a source of fiber.
Newspaper being packed for delivery, Paris 1848. The modern newspaper is a European invention. [1] The oldest direct handwritten news sheets circulated widely in Venice as early as 1566.
The earliest newspapers date to 17th century Europe when printed periodicals began rapidly to replace the practice of hand-writing newssheets. The emergence of the new media branch has to be seen in close connection with the simultaneous spread of the printing press from which the publishing press derives its name. [ 2 ]
The pulp and paper industry in Europe accounts for about a quarter of world production and is a major employer. The leading producing countries are Finland , Sweden and Germany . The industry is a large user of renewable energy and achieved a recycling rate of 71.5% in 2015.
In Europe, woodcut is the oldest technique used for old master prints, developing about 1400, by using on paper existing techniques for printing on cloth. The explosion of sales of cheap woodcuts in the middle of the century led to a fall in standards, and many popular prints were very crude.
Spread of printing in Europe in the 15th century European output of printed books from the 15th through the 18th century. The global spread of the printing press began with the invention of the printing press with movable type by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany c. 1439. [1]
The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in micrometres (μm) in the rest of the world. [19] Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick. [20] Paper is often characterized by weight.
The history of books starts with the development of writing, and various other inventions such as paper and printing, and continues through to the modern-day business of book printing. The earliest knowledge society has on the history of books actually predates what would conventionally be called "books" today and begins with tablets , scrolls ...