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Thyroid hormones act on nearly every cell in the body. They act to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, help regulate long bone growth (synergy with growth hormone) and neural maturation, and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. [12]
Levothyroxine, also known as L-thyroxine, is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T 4). [5] [8] It is used to treat thyroid hormone deficiency (hypothyroidism), including a severe form known as myxedema coma. [5] It may also be used to treat and prevent certain types of thyroid tumors. [5] It is not indicated for weight loss. [5]
Thyroid follicular cells (also called thyroid epithelial cells or thyrocytes [1]) are the major cell type in the thyroid gland, and are responsible for the production and secretion of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T 4) and triiodothyronine (T 3).
Levothyroxine is a frequently prescribed drug in the United States, particularly for older people, as lower thyroid function can be associated with aging. Questions remain over how appropriately ...
Most are bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (about 70%), transthyretin (10%), and albumin (15%). [30] Only the 0.03% of T 4 and 0.3% of T 3 traveling freely have hormonal activity. [31] In addition, up to 85% of the T 3 in blood is produced following conversion from T 4 by iodothyronine deiodinases in organs around the body. [24]
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, or abbreviated TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T 4), and then triiodothyronine (T 3) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. [1]
The pituitary gland secretes thyrotropin (TSH; Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) that stimulates the thyroid to secrete thyroxine (T4) and, to a lesser degree, triiodothyronine (T3). The major portion of T3, however, is produced in peripheral organs, e.g. liver, adipose tissue, glia and skeletal muscle by deiodination from circulating T4.
They inhibit release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.The most studied drug in this class is lithium, which inhibits thyroid hormone secretion by inhibiting iodotyrosine coupling, thyroidal iodide uptake, and alteration in structure of thyroglobulin, [10] a protein which acts as a substrate for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and storage of inactive forms of T3, T4 and iodine within ...