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The structure of sodium chloride, showing octahedral coordination around Na + and Cl − centres. This framework disintegrates when dissolved in water and reassembles when the water evaporates. Sodium compounds are of immense commercial importance, being particularly central to industries producing glass, paper, soap, and textiles. [6]
X-ray spectrometer developed by W. H. Bragg. In 1913 the structure of sodium chloride was determined by William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg. [2] [3] [4] This revealed that there were six equidistant nearest-neighbours for each atom, demonstrating that the constituents were not arranged in molecules or finite aggregates, but instead as a network with long-range crystalline order. [4]
Sodium chloride / ˌ s oʊ d i ə m ˈ k l ɔːr aɪ d /, [8] commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment ...
Ammonium chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula N H 4 Cl, also written as [NH 4]Cl. It is an ammonium salt of hydrogen chloride. It consists of ammonium cations [NH 4] + and chloride anions Cl −. It is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic.
Cadmium hydroxide adopts the same structure as Mg(OH) 2, consisting of slabs of octahedral metal centers surrounded by octahedral of hydroxide ligands. [6] It is produced by treating cadmium nitrate with sodium hydroxide: Cd(NO 3) 2 + 2 NaOH → Cd(OH) 2 + 2 NaNO 3. Preparation has been achieved from some other cadmium salts, [7] [5]
In aqueous solution, ammonia deprotonates a small fraction of the water to give ammonium and hydroxide according to the following equilibrium: . NH 3 + H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 + OH −.. In a 1 M ammonia solution, about 0.42% of the ammonia is converted to ammonium, equivalent to pH = 11.63 because [NH +
It is a positively charged molecular ion with the chemical formula NH + 4 or [NH 4] +. It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia ( NH 3 ). Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged (protonated) substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations ( [NR 4 ] + ), where one or more hydrogen atoms are ...
Ammonium oxalate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula [N H 4] 2 C 2 O 4. Its formula is often written as (NH 4) 2 C 2 O 4 or (COONH 4) 2. It is an ammonium salt of oxalic acid. It consists of ammonium cations ([NH 4] +) and oxalate anions (C 2 O 2− 4). The structure of ammonium oxalate is ([NH 4] +) 2 [C 2 O 4] 2−.