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  2. Need to know - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Need_to_know

    The discretionary access control mechanisms of some operating systems can be used to enforce need to know. [2] In this case, the owner of a file determines whether another person should have access. Need to know is often concurrently applied with mandatory access control schemes, in which the lack of an official approval (such as a clearance ...

  3. Access control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_control

    Common physical security access control with a finger print A sailor checks an identification card (ID) before allowing a vehicle to enter a military installation.. In physical security and information security, access control (AC) is the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource, while access management describes the process.

  4. Computer access control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_access_control

    In computer security, general access control includes identification, authorization, authentication, access approval, and audit.A more narrow definition of access control would cover only access approval, whereby the system makes a decision to grant or reject an access request from an already authenticated subject, based on what the subject is authorized to access.

  5. Security modes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_modes

    Formal access approval for SOME information they will access on the system. A valid need to know for SOME information on the system. All users can access SOME data, based on their need to know and formal access approval.

  6. Mandatory access control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_control

    Historically, MAC was strongly associated with multilevel security (MLS) as a means of protecting classified information of the United States.The Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC), the seminal work on the subject and often known as the Orange Book, provided the original definition of MAC as "a means of restricting access to objects based on the sensitivity (as represented by ...

  7. Principle of least privilege - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_least_privilege

    In [1] information security, computer science, and other fields, the principle of least privilege (PoLP), also known as the principle of minimal privilege (PoMP) or the principle of least authority (PoLA), requires that in a particular abstraction layer of a computing environment, every module (such as a process, a user, or a program, depending on the subject) must be able to access only the ...

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