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Polydactyly also occurs in modern extant reptiles [82] and amphibians. [83] Polydactyly was a non-pathological, reacquired condition in extinct marine reptiles such as ichthyosaurs and hupehsuchians, some of which containing upwards of ten digits within their flippers. [84]
dactylology, polydactyly: de-from, down, or away from Latin de-dehydrate, demonetize, demotion dent-of or pertaining to teeth Latin dens, dentis, tooth dentifrice, dentist, dentition, dental dermat(o)-, derm(o)-of or pertaining to the skin Greek δέρμα, δέρματος (dérma, dérmatos), skin, human skin
The main treatment is surgery to fix the abnormalities in the limbs, like syndactyly. It is less important to repair the feet surgically, as it can cause complications, and it is not aesthetically important compared to the hands. If there is polydactyly with an extra digit that is fully functional, then the digit can stay.
Therefore, the surgeon must bring new skin into the area at the time of surgery. This is most commonly done with a skin graft (from groin or anterior elbow). Skin can also be used from the back of the hand by mobilizing it (called a "graftless" syndactyly correction), which requires planning over a period of months prior to surgery.
Synpolydactyly is a combination of syndactyly and polydactyly. This image shows the hand morphology of an individual with polydactyly. SPD is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that an individual only needs to inherit one copy of the affected gene, also known as an allele, from either parent to potentially develop the condition.
Polysyndactyly is a congenital anomaly, combining polydactyly and syndactyly, in which affected individuals have an extra finger or toe that is connected, via fusing or webbing, to an adjacent digit. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
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Polydactyly is the presence of extra fingers or toes at birth, and is believed to affect somewhere around 2 out of every 1,000 live births. However, it is believed that many cases are so minor that they are taken care of shortly after birth and not reported, so actual statistics may be higher.