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  2. Classical Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Chinese

    Classical Chinese has more pronouns compared to the modern vernacular. In particular, whereas modern Standard Chinese has one character generally used as a first-person pronoun, Classical Chinese has several—many of which are used as part of a system of honorifics. Many final and interrogative particles are found in Classical Chinese. [14]

  3. Classical Chinese lexicon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Chinese_lexicon

    There is no copula in Classical Chinese; 是 (shì) is a copula in modern Chinese but in old Chinese it was originally a near demonstrative ('this'), the modern Chinese equivalent of which is 這 (zhè). [citation needed] Beyond grammar and vocabulary differences, Classical Chinese can be distinguished by literary and cultural differences: an ...

  4. Classical Chinese grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Chinese_grammar

    Zhongyong's) 父 fù father 利 lì profit 其 然 也 qí rán yě the thing (that he be invited) {} 父 利 {其 然 也} {} fù lì {qí rán yě} (Zhongyong's) father profit {the thing} The father considered the thing as profitable . For an adjective, it becomes an observation in the form of "consider (object) (the adjective)". ex: 漁 yú fish 人 rén man 甚 shèn very 異 yì strange ...

  5. Chinese dictionary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_dictionary

    A page from the Yiqiejing yinyi, the oldest extant Chinese dictionary of Buddhist technical terminology – Dunhuang manuscripts, c. 8th century. There are two types of dictionaries regularly used in the Chinese language: 'character dictionaries' (字典; zìdiǎn) list individual Chinese characters, and 'word dictionaries' (辞典; 辭典; cídiǎn) list words and phrases.

  6. List of Chinese dictionaries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_dictionaries

    A Chinese-English Dictionary: 1892: Herbert Allen Giles' bestselling dictionary, 2nd ed. 1912 A Dictionary of the Chinese Language: 1815–1823: First Chinese-English, English-Chinese dictionary, Robert Morrison: A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language: 1874: First Chinese-English dictionary to include regional pronunciations, Samuel ...

  7. List of Chinese classifiers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_classifiers

    In the tables, the first two columns contain the Chinese characters representing the classifier, in traditional and simplified versions when they differ. The next four columns give pronunciations in Standard (Mandarin) Chinese, using pinyin; Cantonese, in Jyutping and Yale, respectively; and Minnan (Taiwan). The last column gives the classifier ...

  8. Literary and colloquial readings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_and_colloquial...

    In Sichuanese Mandarin, colloquial readings tend to resemble Ba-Shu Chinese or southern Proto-Mandarin during the Ming, while literary readings tend to resemble modern standard Mandarin. For example, in the Yaoling dialect the colloquial reading of 物 'things' is [væʔ] , [ 11 ] which is very similar to its pronunciation of Ba-Shu Chinese in ...

  9. Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiandai_Hanyu_Guifan_Cidian

    In 2004, two million copies of the first edition of Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian were printed. [7] In March 2004, Jiang Lansheng and other twelve members of the 1st Plenary Session of the 10th CPPCC National Committee submitted a proposal titled 《辞书应慎用"规范"冠名》 (Literally: dictionaries ought to use the word "standard" (规范, guīfàn) in their titles more prudently).

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