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The best-known types are brown rot, soft rot, and white rot. [4] [5] Each produce different enzymes, can degrade different plant materials, and can colonise different environmental niches. [6] Brown rot and soft rot both digest a tree's cellulose and hemicellulose but not its lignin; white rot digests lignin as well. The residual products of ...
Both hardwoods and softwoods can spalt, but zone lines and white rot are more commonly found on hardwoods due to enzymatic differences in white rotting fungi. Brown rots are more common to conifers, although one brown rot, Fistulina hepatica (beefsteak fungus), is known to cause spalting among deciduous trees. [2]
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a plant pathogenic fungus and can cause a disease called white mold if conditions are conducive. S. sclerotiorum can also be known as cottony rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, drop, crown rot and blossom blight. A key characteristic of this pathogen is its ability to produce black resting structures known as sclerotia ...
Contrary to most brown rot fungi C. puteana behaves more like a white-rot fungi in the way it decays, such as the thinning of the cell walls and leaving cavities within the substrate. Unlike other common wet rot fungi, C. puteana is a fungus that requires high humidity averaging around 50
These species have lost their lignin degradation ability but are very efficient in degrading cellulose. Brown-rot fungi are prevalent on conifer hosts and open, sun-exposed habitats. The fungal community in any single trunk may include both white-rot and brown-rot species, complementing each other's wood degradation strategies.
The cap is flat, up to 8 × 5 × 0.5–1 cm in area. It is often triangular or round, with zones of fine hairs. The pore surface is whitish to light brown, with pores round and with age twisted and labyrinthine. 3–8 pores per millimeter. T. versicolor is a white-rot fungus which degrades lignin from lignocellulosic materials, such as wood. [4]
It is not unheard of for brown-rot fungi to produce laccase, [14] an enzyme primarily involved in the lignin degradation process, but the fungus's use of the enzyme is rather uncommon. This production of a brown rot also helps differentiate the fungus from Pleurotus spp., which are mainly white rot fungi.
The pores bruise brown. [2] The spores are white, elliptical, smooth, and inamyloid. [4] The effect, impact and significance of infection by this fungus is rooted in the fact that it causes brown rot, which degrades the cellulose.