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  2. Atmospheric radiative transfer codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_radiative...

    The radiative transfer equation is a monochromatic equation to calculate radiance in a single layer of the Earth's atmosphere. To calculate the radiance for a spectral region with a finite width (e.g., to estimate the Earth's energy budget or simulate an instrument response), one has to integrate this over a band of frequencies (or wavelengths ...

  3. Radiative transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_transfer

    Radiative transfer (also called radiation transport) is the physical phenomenon of energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The propagation of radiation through a medium is affected by absorption , emission , and scattering processes.

  4. Radiative transfer equation and diffusion theory for photon ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_transfer...

    Photon transport in biological tissue can be equivalently modeled numerically with Monte Carlo simulations or analytically by the radiative transfer equation (RTE). However, the RTE is difficult to solve without introducing approximations. A common approximation summarized here is the diffusion approximation.

  5. Neutron transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_transport

    Neutron transport (also known as neutronics) is the study of the motions and interactions of neutrons with materials. Nuclear scientists and engineers often need to know where neutrons are in an apparatus, in what direction they are going, and how quickly they are moving.

  6. LISE++ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LISE++

    LISE ++ can be used not only to forecast the yields and purities of radioactive beams, but also as an on-line tool for beam identification and tuning during experiments. Large progress has recently been done [9] in ion-beam optics with the introduction of "elemental" blocks, that allows optical matrices calculation within LISE ++. New type of ...

  7. Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_N-Particle...

    The Monte Carlo method for radiation particle transport has its origins at LANL dates back to 1946. [3] The creators of these methods were Stanislaw Ulam, John von Neumann, Robert Richtmyer, and Nicholas Metropolis. [4] Monte Carlo for radiation transport was conceived by Stanislaw Ulam in 1946 while playing Solitaire while recovering from an ...

  8. By barge, rail or truck? Feds propose travel routes for ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/barge-rail-truck-feds-propose...

    A 2024 U.S. Department of Energy report identified truck routes that could be used to deliver Indian Point's spent nuclear fuel for transportation by rail.

  9. International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Nuclear_and...

    Low activity lost or stolen radioactive source, device, or transport package. (Arrangements for reporting minor events to the public differ from country to country.) Tricastin ( Drôme , France), July 2008; leak of 18,000 L (4,000 imp gal; 4,800 US gal) of water containing 75 kg (165 lb) of unenriched uranium into the environment.