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Due to the rising prevalence of obesity in children and its many adverse health effects it is being recognized as a serious public health concern. [1] The term overweight rather than obese is often used when discussing childhood obesity, as it is less stigmatizing, although the term overweight can also refer to a different BMI category. [2]
In 2006, the Canadian Obesity Network, now known as Obesity Canada published the "Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) on the Management and Prevention of Obesity in Adults and Children". This is a comprehensive evidence-based guideline to address the management and prevention of overweight and obesity in adults and children. [96]
Childhood obesity in the United States, has been a serious problem among children and adolescents, and can cause serious health problems among our youth. According to the CDC, as of 2015–2016, in the United States, 18.5% of children and adolescents have obesity, which affects approximately 13.7 million children and adolescents.
Children who are undernourished are more likely to be short in adulthood, have lower educational achievement and economic status, and give birth to smaller infants. [14] Children often face malnutrition during the age of rapid development, which can have long-lasting impacts on health. [5]
In the developing world, women, men, and children from high social classes had greater rates of obesity. [2] An update of this review carried out in 2007 found the same relationships, but they were weaker. The decrease in strength of correlation was felt to be due to the effects of globalization. [3]
The prevalence of obesity and overweight amongst children and adolescents in this age group has significantly risen from 4% in 1975 to just above 18% in 2016. [6] This marked increase in the rate among children has occurred similarly in both boys and girls, reflected in the 2016 statistic where 18% of girls and 19% of boys were overweight.
Long-term effects of obesity, therefore, include cardiovascular disease (hypertension and high blood pressure) and particular types of cancers in particular colon, kidney and breast cancer. [ 4 ] [ 10 ] Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common risk factors associated with obesity being characterised as a buildup of ...
The recent evidence on the impact of diet-induced obesity in fathers and mothers around the time of conception is identified to negatively program the health outcomes of multiple generations. [ 63 ] According to UNICEF, at least 1 in every 10 children under five is overweight in 33 countries.