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In probability theory and statistics, the exponential distribution or negative exponential distribution is the probability distribution of the distance between events in a Poisson point process, i.e., a process in which events occur continuously and independently at a constant average rate; the distance parameter could be any meaningful mono-dimensional measure of the process, such as time ...
Cumulative distribution function for the exponential distribution Cumulative distribution function for the normal distribution. In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable, or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that will take a value less than or equal to .
The uniform distribution is useful for sampling from arbitrary distributions. A general method is the inverse transform sampling method, which uses the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the target random variable. This method is very useful in theoretical work.
Inverse transform sampling (also known as inversion sampling, the inverse probability integral transform, the inverse transformation method, or the Smirnov transform) is a basic method for pseudo-random number sampling, i.e., for generating sample numbers at random from any probability distribution given its cumulative distribution function.
In probability theory and statistics, the Rayleigh distribution is a continuous probability distribution for nonnegative-valued random variables.Up to rescaling, it coincides with the chi distribution with two degrees of freedom.
The probability distribution of the sum of two or more independent random variables is the convolution of their individual distributions. The term is motivated by the fact that the probability mass function or probability density function of a sum of independent random variables is the convolution of their corresponding probability mass functions or probability density functions respectively.
Because of the factorial function in the denominator of the PDF and CDF, the Erlang distribution is only defined when the parameter k is a positive integer. In fact, this distribution is sometimes called the Erlang- k distribution (e.g., an Erlang-2 distribution is an Erlang distribution with k = 2 {\displaystyle k=2} ).
where is the normal cumulative distribution function. The derivation of the formula is provided in the Talk page . The partial expectation formula has applications in insurance and economics , it is used in solving the partial differential equation leading to the Black–Scholes formula .