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Activity-based costing records the costs that traditional cost accounting does not do. The overhead costs assigned to each activity comprise an activity cost pool. From a historical perspective the practices systematized by ABC were first demonstrated by Frederick W. Taylor in Principles of Scientific Management in 1911 (1911.
An important part of standard cost accounting is a variance analysis, which breaks down the variation between actual cost and standard costs into various components (volume variation, material cost variation, labor cost variation, etc.) so managers can understand why costs were different from what was planned and take appropriate action to ...
The behavior of both costs and revenues is linear throughout the relevant range of activity. (This assumption precludes the concept of volume discounts on either purchased materials or sales.) Costs can be classified accurately as either fixed or variable. Changes in activity are the only factors that affect costs.
Labor costs are direct costs, that is, they can be identified among the total cost and assigned to a certain cost objective. [1] Labor costs are defined by categories (e.g. service labor or manufacturing labor), the attribution of a labor rate for each category, and a certain number of labor hours. [1]
Determining overhead costs often involves making assumptions about what costs should be associated with production activities and what costs should be associated with other activities. Traditional cost accounting methods attempt to make these assumptions based on past experience and management judgment as to factual relationships.
A chart of accounts (COA) is a list of financial accounts and reference numbers, grouped into categories, such as assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses, and used for recording transactions in the organization's general ledger. Accounts may be associated with an identifier (account number) and a caption or header and are coded by ...
In accounting, costs are the monetary value of expenditures for supplies, services, labor, products, equipment and other items purchased for use by a business or other accounting entity. [2] It is the amount denoted on invoices as the price and recorded in book keeping records as an expense or asset cost basis .
A cost object is a term used primarily in cost accounting to describe something to which costs are assigned. [1] Common examples of cost objects are product lines, geographic territories, customers, departments or anything else for which management would like to quantify cost. [2] The use of cost objects is common within activity based costing ...