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  2. Transport Layer Security - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security

    Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network, such as the Internet. The protocol is widely used in applications such as email , instant messaging , and voice over IP , but its use in securing HTTPS remains the most publicly visible.

  3. Bitcoin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin

    Nodes in the peer-to-peer bitcoin network verify transactions through cryptography and record them in a public distributed ledger, called a blockchain, without central oversight. Consensus between nodes is achieved using a computationally intensive process based on proof of work, called mining, that secures the bitcoin blockchain.

  4. Public key infrastructure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure

    Diagram of a public key infrastructure. A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a set of roles, policies, hardware, software and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption.

  5. Trusted Platform Module - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module

    Components of a Trusted Platform Module complying with the TPM version 1.2 standard. Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is an international standard for a secure cryptoprocessor, a dedicated microcontroller designed to secure hardware through integrated cryptographic keys.

  6. Digital signature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature

    Digital signatures employ asymmetric cryptography. In many instances, they provide a layer of validation and security to messages sent through a non-secure channel: Properly implemented, a digital signature gives the receiver reason to believe the message was sent by the claimed sender.

  7. Ransomware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransomware

    Security experts have suggested precautionary measures for dealing with ransomware. Using software or other security policies to block known payloads from launching will help to prevent infection, but will not protect against all attacks [ 27 ] [ 138 ] As such, having a proper backup solution is a critical component to defending against ransomware.

  8. Quantum computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing

    These are used to protect secure Web pages, encrypted email, and many other types of data. Breaking these would have significant ramifications for electronic privacy and security. Identifying cryptographic systems that may be secure against quantum algorithms is an actively researched topic under the field of post-quantum cryptography.