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Consisting mainly of clay, sand and possibly straw, they are a 100% renewable product and contain no harmful substances. Compared to other wall coverings, they are less toxic and energy-intensive, as little energy is required in extraction, production and processing, making them attractive to environmentally conscious people.
Soils with low clay content, or with no more than 15% non-expansive clay, are suitable for stabilized earth. [20] The clay percentage may be reduced by adding sand, if available. [ 21 ] If there is more than 15% clay it may take more than 10% cement to stabilize the soil, which adds to the cost. [ 20 ]
Rammed earth walls are formed in place by pounding damp sub-soil (containing sand, clay and sometimes gravel) into movable, reusable forms with manual or machine-powered tampers. In traditional rammed earth, a mixture of around 70% aggregate (gravel, sand) and 30% clay is optimal. Pigmentation may be added in the mix to achieve the desired color.
Clay particles are very small (by definition less than 2-thousandths of a millimeter across). Sand particles are relatively large (by definition from 2- to 5-hundredths of a millimeter across).
A compressed earth block (CEB), also known as a pressed earth block or a compressed soil block, is a building material made primarily from an appropriate mix of fairly dry inorganic subsoil, non-expansive clay, sand, and aggregate. Forming compressed earth blocks requires dampening, mechanically pressing at high pressure, and then drying the ...
An earthen floor. An earthen floor, also called an adobe floor, is a floor made of dirt, raw earth, or other unworked ground materials. It is usually constructed, in modern times, with a mixture of sand, finely chopped straw and clay, mixed to a thickened consistency and spread with a trowel on a sub-surface such as concrete.
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Choqa Zanbil, a 13th-century BCE ziggurat in Iran, is similarly constructed from clay bricks combined with burnt bricks. [1] Mudbrick or mud-brick, also known as unfired brick, is an air-dried brick, made of a mixture of mud (containing loam, clay, sand and water) mixed with a binding material such as rice husks or straw. Mudbricks are known ...