Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Post-mastectomy pain syndrome is a chronic neuropathic pain that usually manifests as continuous pain in the arm, axilla, chest wall, and breast region. [3] Pain is most likely to start after surgery, [3] although adjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, may sometimes cause new symptoms to appear. [4]
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
The combined effects of radiation and breast cancer surgery can in particular lead to complications such as breast fibrosis, secondary lymphoedema (which may occur in the arm, the breast or the chest, in particular after axillary lymph node dissection [5] [6]), breast asymmetry, and chronic/recurrent breast cellulitis, each of these having long ...
During the 20-year study period, 8.5 percent of women who had lumpectomies died from breast cancer, nine percent of women who had mastectomies died from the disease, and 8.5 percent of women who ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 December 2024. Cancer that originates in mammary glands Medical condition Breast cancer An illustration of breast cancer Specialty Oncology Symptoms A lump in a breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, a red scaly patch of skin on the ...
Metastatic breast cancer, also referred to as metastases, advanced breast cancer, secondary tumors, secondaries or stage IV breast cancer, is a stage of breast cancer where the breast cancer cells have spread to distant sites beyond the axillary lymph nodes. There is no cure for metastatic breast cancer; [1] there is no stage after IV.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. During the early twentieth century it was primarily treated by surgery, when the mastectomy was developed. [ 1 ] However, with the advancement of technology and surgical skills in recent years, mastectomies have become less invasive. [ 2 ]
Seroma is the most common surgical complication after breast surgery. It is due to the presence of rich lymphatic system in the breast, low fibrinogen levels in lymph fluid and potential space creation in the breast after surgery, which contributes to seroma formation. Seroma is more common in older and obese people. [7]