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The Intel 4004 is a 4-bit central processing unit (CPU) released by Intel Corporation in 1971. Sold for US$60 (equivalent to $450 in 2023 [ 2 ] ), it was the first commercially produced microprocessor , [ 3 ] and the first in a long line of Intel CPUs .
The Intel 4040 ("forty-forty") is the second 4-bit microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel. Introduced in 1974 as a successor to the Intel 4004 , the 4040 was produced with a 10 μm process and includes silicon gate enhancement-load PMOS logic technology.
Intel Family 15 Model 4; All models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, Hyper-threading, Intel 64, XD bit (an NX bit implementation) Intel VT-x supported by: 6x2 e.g. Model 662 and 672; Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST) supported by: all except 620. Transistors: 169 million; Die size: 135 mm 2; Steppings: N0, R0
The first commercial microprocessor was the binary-coded decimal (BCD-based) Intel 4004, [2] [3] developed for calculator applications in 1971; it had a 4-bit word length, but had 8-bit instructions and 12-bit addresses. It was succeeded by the Intel 4040, which added interrupt support and a variety of other new features.
The 4004 was designed for Busicom, which had earlier proposed a multi-chip design in 1969, before Faggin's team at Intel changed it into a new single-chip design. Intel introduced the first commercial microprocessor, the 4-bit Intel 4004, in 1971. It was soon followed by the 8-bit microprocessor Intel 8008 in 1972.
The 4004 did not have nearly the computing power or interfacing capability required to perform the functions of the CADC. At the time, the best integrated circuit (chip) technology available lacked the scale (number of transistors per chip) necessary to build a single-chip microprocessor for a flight control system.
The Z80 was the brainchild of Federico Faggin, a key figure behind the creation of the Intel 8080. After leaving Intel in 1974, Faggin co-founded Zilog with Ralph Ungermann. The Z80 was released in July 1976. With the revenue from the Z80, the company built its own chip factories. [4]
Intel introduced its first PMOS microprocessor, the Intel 4004, in 1971. A number of companies followed Intel's lead. Most early microprocessors were manufactured in PMOS technology: 4040 and 8008 from Intel; IMP-16, PACE and SC/MP from National Semiconductor; TMS1000 from Texas Instruments; PPS-4 [13] and PPS-8 [14] from Rockwell International.